MES 的发展历程是怎样的？
20世纪80年代末，美国先进制造研究机构(AMR)首先提出MES的概念
1992年，美国成立以宣传MES思想和产品为宗旨的贸易联合会——MES国际联合会（MESA International
1997年，MESA发布修订后的6个关于MES的白皮书，对MES的定义与功能、 MES与相关系统间的数据流程、应用MES的效益、MES软件评估与选择以及MES发展趋势等问题进行了详尽的阐述；
1999年，美国国家标准与技术研究所（NIST）在MESA白皮书的基础上，发布有关MES模型的报告，将MES有关概念标准化。
MES 的发展历程是怎样的？
专用的MES (Point MES)。专用的MES (Point MES)主要是针对某个特定的领域问题而开发的系统，如车间维护、生产监控、有限能力调度或是SCADA等；
集成的MES(Integrated MES)。集成的MES(Integrated MES)系统起初是针对一个特定的、规范化的环境而设计的，如今已拓展到许多领域，如航空、装配、半导体、食品和卫生等行业，在功能上集成的MES(Integrated MES)已实现了与上层事务处理和下层实时控制系统的集成。
可集成的MES(I-MES)。可集成的MES(I-MES)将模块化应用组件技术应用到MES的系统开发中, 是前两类MES系统的结合：既具有专用MES系统的特点，即I-MES中的部分功能作为可重用组件单独销售；又具有集成化MES的特点，即能实现上下两层之间的集成。 I-MES还具有能实现客户化、可重构、可扩展和互操作等特性，能方便地实现不同厂商之间的集成和遗留系统的保护，以及即插即用等功能。
智能化第二代MES(MESII)。智能化第二代MES(MESII)的核心目标是通过更精确的过程状态跟踪和更完整的数据记录以获取更多的数据来更方便地进行生产管理，它通过分布在设备中的智能来保证车间生产的自动化
下一代MES(MOM)。下一代MES(MOM)的显著特点是强调生产同步性（协同），支持网络化制造。下一代MES(MOM)通过MES引擎在一个和几个地点来进行工厂的实时生产信息和过程管理以协同企业所有的生产活动，建立过程化、敏捷化、有效的组织和级别化的管理使企业生产经营达到同步化。
在应用方面国内的 MES 明显落后与发达国家，这几年随着国家推进智能制造，MES在国内市场已经出现了较大的需求。
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本文为科普类文章，不作为选择建议或投资建议。
翻译：
What is the development history of MES?
In the late 1980s, the United States Advanced Manufacturing Research Institute (AMR) first proposed the concept of MES
In 1992, the United States established a trade federation for the purpose of promoting MES ideas and products - MES International Federation (MESA International)
In 1997, MESA published six revised white papers on MES, elaborating on the definition and function of MES, the data flow between MES and related systems, the benefits of applying MES, the evaluation and selection of MES software, and the development trend of MES.
In 1999, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued a report on MES models based on the MESA white paper, standardizing MES concepts.
Dedicated MES (Point MES). Dedicated MES (Point MES) are systems developed for a specific domain problem, such as shop maintenance, production monitoring, limited capacity scheduling, or SCADA.
Integrated MES(Integrated MES). Originally designed for a specific, regulated environment, Integrated MES(Integrated MES) systems have expanded to include many industries, such as aviation, assembly, semiconductors, food and health. Functionally Integrated MES(Integrated MES) has achieved integration with upper-level transaction processing and lower-level real-time control systems.
Integrable MES(I-MES). Integrated MES(I-MES) applies modular application component technology to the system development of MES, which is a combination of the first two types of MES systems: it has the characteristics of special MES systems, that is, some functions of I-MES are sold separately as reusable components; It also has the characteristics of integrated MES, that is, it can realize the integration between the upper and lower layers. I-MES also has the features of customization, reconfiguration, scalability and interoperation, and can easily realize the integration between different vendors and the protection of legacy systems, as well as plug and play functions.
Intelligent second generation MES(MESII). The core goal of intelligent second-generation MES(MESII) is to obtain more data to facilitate production management through more accurate process status tracking and more complete data recording, and it ensures the automation of workshop production through the intelligence distributed in the equipment
Next generation MES(MOM). The significant feature of next-generation MES(MOM) is the emphasis on production synchronization (collaboration) and support for networked manufacturing. The next generation MES(MOM) uses the MES engine to carry out real-time production information and process management of the plant in one or several locations to coordinate all production activities of the enterprise, and establish process, agile, effective organization and hierarchical management to synchronize the production and operation of the enterprise.
In terms of application, domestic MES is significantly behind developed countries, and in recent years, as the country promotes intelligent manufacturing, MES has a greater demand in the domestic market.