天气逐渐转热,病毒也开始肆意流行,手足口病、疱疹性咽峡炎,近期“百日咳”处于高发态势,感染人群多为儿童。我们需要增强传染病的防控意识,预防传染病的发生。让我们对这几种幼儿常见传染病有更多的了解和认识,以便做好预防和应对措施!
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什么是百日咳
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近期“百日咳”处于高发态势,感染人群多为儿童。我们需要增强传染病的防控意识,预防传染病的发生。
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“百日咳”是由“百日咳”鲍特菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病,潜伏期为5~21天,一般为7~14天。主要通过空气飞沫或呼吸道分泌物传播,在人群密集的地方传播途径更容易出现,传染性极强。在疫苗大规模应用前,“百日咳”是最常见的儿童疾病之一。
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百日咳的症状
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病初很像感冒,非典型病例可能无症状、或者仅有轻微咳嗽、有点低热。临床上以阵发性、痉挛性咳嗽、鸡鸣样吸气吼声为特征,以夜间为多。病程可长达2~3月,故名“百日咳”。阵咳剧烈时,可出现鼻出血、咯血及眼结膜下出血,甚至发生颅内出血。
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百日咳如何传播
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人是“百日咳”鲍特菌的唯一宿主,“百日咳”患者、隐性感染者以及带菌者为本病的传染源。对婴幼儿来说,感染“百日咳”鲍特菌的父母或共同居住的人员,是其最主要的传染源。“百日咳”主要通过飞沫传播,如患者咳嗽、打喷嚏等将细菌播散到空气中,易感者吸入带菌的飞沫而被感染。
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如何预防百日咳
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接种疫苗是预防疾病最有力的武器。目前常用白喉、百日咳、破伤风三联制剂,3、4、5月龄各接种1剂次,在18~24月龄再加强接种1剂次。
2.“百日咳”传染性较强,因此需要尽早隔离患者以预防“百日咳”的流行。凡确诊的患儿,可从发病之日起隔离至病后40天,或隔离至痉咳后30天,防止扩大蔓延。接触患儿的人也应密切观察至少3周,若有症状应及时进行治疗。
3.注意个人卫生。勤洗手,咳嗽或者打喷嚏时遮掩口鼻;定期清洁消毒,保持工作场所、家庭环境和个人使用的物品清洁与卫生。
4.及时佩戴口罩,加强手卫生。健康生活,膳食均衡,合理作息,适当参加体育锻炼,增强自身抵抗力。
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什么是疱疹性咽峡炎
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如何识别手足口
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儿童节花絮
让心愿发芽,让梦想开花
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温馨提醒:传染病期间,一定要勤洗手,戴口罩少去人多密集场所活动。
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