轮状病毒是什么呢
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轮状病毒感染是临床上引起2岁以内婴幼儿胃肠炎的最常见原因之一,轮状病毒性腹泻秋冬季高发,全年都有流行,常见于每年10月中下旬至次年的2月份。我国每年约有1800万儿童发生轮状病毒肠炎,其中约有3-4万儿童死于该病。
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轮状病毒分为哪些类。
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轮状病毒被分为A、B、C、D、E、F、G七个组群。其中A 、B、C组均可感染人类,但A组是婴幼儿、年幼动物的重要致病原,会引起急性、自限性腹泻。在流行季节,A 组轮状病毒感染率高达90%以上,儿童在感染一次轮状病毒后,依然有多次感染的可能。
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轮状病毒感染有哪些症状?
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通常出现三多一少。患病的宝宝出现不同程度的腹泻,多伴呕吐和发热,严重时出现大便量多、水多、次数多而小便量少的临床特征。
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被感染的宝宝,一般不会太严重,适当补液,可以不药而愈。但腹泻(呕吐)严重时,不可忽视,要及时就医,宝宝会因为脱水严重导致休克,甚至死亡,尤其是小于1岁的宝宝们。少数小宝宝感染轮状病毒后还会并发惊厥等,也要引起重视并及时就医。
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怎么预防轮状病毒
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目前尚无特效抗轮状病毒的药物。因此,接种轮状病毒疫苗是预防轮状病毒急性胃肠炎最有效的措施;
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宝宝及宝妈宝爸们(包括宝宝的看护人)要养成良好的卫生习惯,尤其是注意手卫生,不用脏手触摸口、眼、鼻和食物等;不要让宝宝吃手,及时清洁宝宝的手;
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注意家庭卫生,室内常通风,宝宝们的食具(奶瓶、碗、勺等)使用前需清洗干净,衣被、玩具等要勤换洗;
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鼓励和坚持母乳喂养
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被轮状病毒污染的物品,要彻底消毒,可通过高温、含氯消毒剂或阳光暴晒等多种方式。
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